🌳 Nested Namespaces: Hierarchical Organization

🎯 Introduction

Welcome to the towering skyscrapers of code organization! 🌳 If basic namespaces were like single-story buildings with different rooms, then nested namespaces are like massive architectural complexes - think of a sprawling corporate campus with multiple buildings, each having multiple floors, departments, sub-departments, and specialized units, all perfectly organized and interconnected!

Nested namespaces allow you to create sophisticated hierarchical structures that can model complex business domains, organize large-scale applications, and provide deep levels of encapsulation. They’re particularly powerful for building libraries, enterprise applications, and systems that need to represent intricate real-world relationships and organizational structures.

By the end of this tutorial, you’ll be a master architect of nested namespace hierarchies, capable of designing and implementing complex code organizations that remain maintainable, navigable, and logically structured even at massive scale. Let’s build some architectural marvels! 🌟

📚 Understanding Nested Namespaces

🤔 What Are Nested Namespaces?

Nested namespaces are namespaces declared within other namespaces, creating hierarchical structures that can represent complex organizational relationships. They provide multiple levels of encapsulation and logical grouping, allowing for sophisticated code architectures.

// 🌟 Basic nested namespace structure
namespace Enterprise {
  export namespace HumanResources {
    export interface Employee {
      id: string;
      personalInfo: PersonalInfo;
      employment: EmploymentInfo;
      compensation: CompensationInfo;
    }

    export interface PersonalInfo {
      firstName: string;
      lastName: string;
      email: string;
      phone: string;
      address: Address;
    }

    export interface Address {
      street: string;
      city: string;
      state: string;
      zipCode: string;
      country: string;
    }

    export interface EmploymentInfo {
      startDate: Date;
      department: string;
      position: string;
      manager: string;
      status: EmploymentStatus;
    }

    export type EmploymentStatus = 'active' | 'inactive' | 'terminated' | 'on_leave';

    export interface CompensationInfo {
      salary: number;
      currency: string;
      payFrequency: PayFrequency;
      benefits: Benefits;
    }

    export type PayFrequency = 'weekly' | 'bi-weekly' | 'monthly' | 'annual';

    export interface Benefits {
      healthInsurance: boolean;
      dentalInsurance: boolean;
      retirementPlan: boolean;
      paidTimeOff: number;
    }

    // 🎯 Nested namespace for recruitment
    export namespace Recruitment {
      export interface JobPosting {
        id: string;
        title: string;
        department: string;
        description: string;
        requirements: JobRequirement[];
        compensation: CompensationRange;
        status: JobPostingStatus;
      }

      export interface JobRequirement {
        type: RequirementType;
        description: string;
        mandatory: boolean;
      }

      export type RequirementType = 'education' | 'experience' | 'skill' | 'certification';
      export type JobPostingStatus = 'draft' | 'published' | 'closed' | 'filled';

      export interface CompensationRange {
        minSalary: number;
        maxSalary: number;
        currency: string;
        benefits: string[];
      }

      export interface Candidate {
        id: string;
        personalInfo: PersonalInfo;
        resume: Resume;
        applications: Application[];
      }

      export interface Resume {
        education: EducationEntry[];
        experience: ExperienceEntry[];
        skills: Skill[];
        certifications: Certification[];
      }

      export interface EducationEntry {
        institution: string;
        degree: string;
        field: string;
        graduationYear: number;
        gpa?: number;
      }

      export interface ExperienceEntry {
        company: string;
        position: string;
        startDate: Date;
        endDate?: Date;
        description: string;
        achievements: string[];
      }

      export interface Skill {
        name: string;
        level: SkillLevel;
        yearsOfExperience: number;
      }

      export type SkillLevel = 'beginner' | 'intermediate' | 'advanced' | 'expert';

      export interface Certification {
        name: string;
        issuer: string;
        issueDate: Date;
        expirationDate?: Date;
      }

      export interface Application {
        id: string;
        jobPostingId: string;
        applicationDate: Date;
        status: ApplicationStatus;
        interviewSchedule?: InterviewSchedule[];
      }

      export type ApplicationStatus = 
        | 'submitted' 
        | 'under_review' 
        | 'interview_scheduled' 
        | 'interviewed' 
        | 'offered' 
        | 'accepted' 
        | 'rejected';

      export interface InterviewSchedule {
        id: string;
        type: InterviewType;
        date: Date;
        duration: number;
        interviewer: string;
        notes?: string;
      }

      export type InterviewType = 'phone' | 'video' | 'in_person' | 'technical' | 'panel';

      // 🏗️ Recruitment service classes
      export class RecruitmentService {
        async createJobPosting(posting: Omit<JobPosting, 'id'>): Promise<JobPosting> {
          console.log('📝 Creating job posting:', posting.title);
          return { ...posting, id: this.generateId() };
        }

        async submitApplication(
          candidateId: string, 
          jobPostingId: string
        ): Promise<Application> {
          console.log('📋 Submitting application:', candidateId, jobPostingId);
          return {
            id: this.generateId(),
            jobPostingId,
            applicationDate: new Date(),
            status: 'submitted'
          };
        }

        private generateId(): string {
          return `hr_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
        }
      }

      // 🎯 Further nested namespace for interview process
      export namespace InterviewProcess {
        export interface InterviewPanel {
          id: string;
          name: string;
          members: PanelMember[];
          standardQuestions: InterviewQuestion[];
        }

        export interface PanelMember {
          employeeId: string;
          role: PanelRole;
          expertise: string[];
        }

        export type PanelRole = 'lead' | 'technical' | 'behavioral' | 'culture_fit';

        export interface InterviewQuestion {
          id: string;
          category: QuestionCategory;
          question: string;
          expectedAnswerPoints: string[];
          difficulty: QuestionDifficulty;
        }

        export type QuestionCategory = 
          | 'technical' 
          | 'behavioral' 
          | 'situational' 
          | 'culture_fit' 
          | 'problem_solving';

        export type QuestionDifficulty = 'easy' | 'medium' | 'hard';

        export interface InterviewEvaluation {
          interviewId: string;
          evaluatorId: string;
          candidateId: string;
          scores: EvaluationScore[];
          overallRating: number;
          recommendation: InterviewRecommendation;
          notes: string;
        }

        export interface EvaluationScore {
          category: QuestionCategory;
          score: number;
          maxScore: number;
          comments: string;
        }

        export type InterviewRecommendation = 
          | 'strong_hire' 
          | 'hire' 
          | 'no_hire' 
          | 'strong_no_hire';

        export class InterviewManager {
          async scheduleInterview(
            candidateId: string,
            panelId: string,
            type: InterviewType,
            date: Date
          ): Promise<InterviewSchedule> {
            console.log('📅 Scheduling interview:', { candidateId, panelId, type, date });
            
            return {
              id: this.generateInterviewId(),
              type,
              date,
              duration: this.getDefaultDuration(type),
              interviewer: panelId
            };
          }

          async submitEvaluation(
            evaluation: Omit<InterviewEvaluation, 'id'>
          ): Promise<InterviewEvaluation> {
            console.log('📊 Submitting interview evaluation');
            return evaluation as InterviewEvaluation;
          }

          private generateInterviewId(): string {
            return `interview_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
          }

          private getDefaultDuration(type: InterviewType): number {
            const durations: Record<InterviewType, number> = {
              phone: 30,
              video: 45,
              in_person: 60,
              technical: 90,
              panel: 120
            };
            return durations[type] || 60;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // 🎯 Another nested namespace for payroll
    export namespace Payroll {
      export interface PayrollPeriod {
        id: string;
        startDate: Date;
        endDate: Date;
        payDate: Date;
        status: PayrollStatus;
      }

      export type PayrollStatus = 'draft' | 'processing' | 'approved' | 'paid';

      export interface PayStub {
        id: string;
        employeeId: string;
        payrollPeriodId: string;
        grossPay: number;
        deductions: Deduction[];
        netPay: number;
        payDate: Date;
      }

      export interface Deduction {
        type: DeductionType;
        description: string;
        amount: number;
        isPreTax: boolean;
      }

      export type DeductionType = 
        | 'federal_tax' 
        | 'state_tax' 
        | 'social_security' 
        | 'medicare' 
        | 'health_insurance' 
        | 'dental_insurance' 
        | 'retirement_401k' 
        | 'other';

      export class PayrollProcessor {
        async processPayroll(periodId: string): Promise<PayStub[]> {
          console.log('💰 Processing payroll for period:', periodId);
          // Implementation would go here
          return [];
        }

        async generatePayStub(
          employeeId: string, 
          payrollPeriodId: string
        ): Promise<PayStub> {
          console.log('📄 Generating pay stub:', employeeId);
          // Implementation would go here
          return {} as PayStub;
        }
      }

      // 🎯 Nested namespace for tax calculations
      export namespace TaxCalculation {
        export interface TaxBracket {
          minIncome: number;
          maxIncome: number;
          rate: number;
          baseAmount: number;
        }

        export interface TaxCalculationResult {
          employeeId: string;
          grossIncome: number;
          federalTax: number;
          stateTax: number;
          socialSecurityTax: number;
          medicareTax: number;
          totalTax: number;
          netIncome: number;
        }

        export class TaxCalculator {
          private federalBrackets: TaxBracket[] = [
            { minIncome: 0, maxIncome: 10275, rate: 0.10, baseAmount: 0 },
            { minIncome: 10275, maxIncome: 41775, rate: 0.12, baseAmount: 1027.50 },
            { minIncome: 41775, maxIncome: 89450, rate: 0.22, baseAmount: 4807.50 },
            // More brackets would be defined here
          ];

          calculateTaxes(
            employeeId: string, 
            grossIncome: number, 
            state: string
          ): TaxCalculationResult {
            console.log('🧮 Calculating taxes for employee:', employeeId);

            const federalTax = this.calculateFederalTax(grossIncome);
            const stateTax = this.calculateStateTax(grossIncome, state);
            const socialSecurityTax = this.calculateSocialSecurityTax(grossIncome);
            const medicareTax = this.calculateMedicareTax(grossIncome);

            const totalTax = federalTax + stateTax + socialSecurityTax + medicareTax;
            const netIncome = grossIncome - totalTax;

            return {
              employeeId,
              grossIncome,
              federalTax,
              stateTax,
              socialSecurityTax,
              medicareTax,
              totalTax,
              netIncome
            };
          }

          private calculateFederalTax(grossIncome: number): number {
            let tax = 0;
            
            for (const bracket of this.federalBrackets) {
              if (grossIncome > bracket.minIncome) {
                const taxableInThisBracket = Math.min(
                  grossIncome - bracket.minIncome,
                  bracket.maxIncome - bracket.minIncome
                );
                tax = bracket.baseAmount + (taxableInThisBracket * bracket.rate);
              }
            }

            return tax;
          }

          private calculateStateTax(grossIncome: number, state: string): number {
            // Simplified state tax calculation
            const stateTaxRates: Record<string, number> = {
              'CA': 0.13,
              'NY': 0.08,
              'TX': 0.00,
              'FL': 0.00
            };

            const rate = stateTaxRates[state] || 0.05;
            return grossIncome * rate;
          }

          private calculateSocialSecurityTax(grossIncome: number): number {
            const socialSecurityWageBase = 147000; // 2022 limit
            const taxableWages = Math.min(grossIncome, socialSecurityWageBase);
            return taxableWages * 0.062;
          }

          private calculateMedicareTax(grossIncome: number): number {
            return grossIncome * 0.0145;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // 🏢 Another major namespace for Finance
  export namespace Finance {
    export namespace Accounting {
      export interface Account {
        id: string;
        name: string;
        type: AccountType;
        parentAccountId?: string;
        balance: number;
        currency: string;
      }

      export type AccountType = 
        | 'asset' 
        | 'liability' 
        | 'equity' 
        | 'revenue' 
        | 'expense';

      export interface Transaction {
        id: string;
        date: Date;
        description: string;
        reference?: string;
        entries: JournalEntry[];
      }

      export interface JournalEntry {
        accountId: string;
        debit?: number;
        credit?: number;
        description: string;
      }

      export namespace Reporting {
        export interface FinancialReport {
          id: string;
          name: string;
          type: ReportType;
          period: ReportPeriod;
          generatedDate: Date;
          data: ReportData;
        }

        export type ReportType = 
          | 'balance_sheet' 
          | 'income_statement' 
          | 'cash_flow' 
          | 'trial_balance';

        export interface ReportPeriod {
          startDate: Date;
          endDate: Date;
          frequency: ReportFrequency;
        }

        export type ReportFrequency = 'monthly' | 'quarterly' | 'annually';

        export interface ReportData {
          sections: ReportSection[];
          totals: ReportTotals;
        }

        export interface ReportSection {
          name: string;
          items: ReportLineItem[];
          subtotal: number;
        }

        export interface ReportLineItem {
          accountId: string;
          accountName: string;
          amount: number;
          percentage?: number;
        }

        export interface ReportTotals {
          totalAssets?: number;
          totalLiabilities?: number;
          totalEquity?: number;
          totalRevenue?: number;
          totalExpenses?: number;
          netIncome?: number;
        }

        export class ReportGenerator {
          async generateBalanceSheet(
            period: ReportPeriod
          ): Promise<FinancialReport> {
            console.log('📊 Generating balance sheet for period:', period);
            
            // Implementation would query accounts and calculate balances
            return {
              id: this.generateReportId(),
              name: 'Balance Sheet',
              type: 'balance_sheet',
              period,
              generatedDate: new Date(),
              data: {
                sections: [],
                totals: {
                  totalAssets: 0,
                  totalLiabilities: 0,
                  totalEquity: 0
                }
              }
            };
          }

          async generateIncomeStatement(
            period: ReportPeriod
          ): Promise<FinancialReport> {
            console.log('📈 Generating income statement for period:', period);
            
            return {
              id: this.generateReportId(),
              name: 'Income Statement',
              type: 'income_statement',
              period,
              generatedDate: new Date(),
              data: {
                sections: [],
                totals: {
                  totalRevenue: 0,
                  totalExpenses: 0,
                  netIncome: 0
                }
              }
            };
          }

          private generateReportId(): string {
            return `report_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
          }
        }
      }

      export namespace Budgeting {
        export interface Budget {
          id: string;
          name: string;
          fiscalYear: number;
          status: BudgetStatus;
          budgetItems: BudgetItem[];
          approvals: BudgetApproval[];
        }

        export type BudgetStatus = 'draft' | 'submitted' | 'approved' | 'rejected' | 'active';

        export interface BudgetItem {
          id: string;
          accountId: string;
          category: BudgetCategory;
          budgetedAmount: number;
          actualAmount: number;
          variance: number;
          variancePercentage: number;
        }

        export type BudgetCategory = 
          | 'personnel' 
          | 'operations' 
          | 'capital_expenditure' 
          | 'marketing' 
          | 'research_development';

        export interface BudgetApproval {
          approverId: string;
          approvalDate: Date;
          status: ApprovalStatus;
          comments?: string;
        }

        export type ApprovalStatus = 'pending' | 'approved' | 'rejected';

        export class BudgetManager {
          async createBudget(
            name: string,
            fiscalYear: number
          ): Promise<Budget> {
            console.log('💰 Creating budget:', name, fiscalYear);
            
            return {
              id: this.generateBudgetId(),
              name,
              fiscalYear,
              status: 'draft',
              budgetItems: [],
              approvals: []
            };
          }

          async addBudgetItem(
            budgetId: string,
            item: Omit<BudgetItem, 'id' | 'actualAmount' | 'variance' | 'variancePercentage'>
          ): Promise<BudgetItem> {
            console.log('📝 Adding budget item to budget:', budgetId);
            
            return {
              ...item,
              id: this.generateItemId(),
              actualAmount: 0,
              variance: 0,
              variancePercentage: 0
            };
          }

          async calculateVariance(budgetId: string): Promise<Budget> {
            console.log('📊 Calculating budget variance for:', budgetId);
            // Implementation would calculate actual vs budgeted amounts
            return {} as Budget;
          }

          private generateBudgetId(): string {
            return `budget_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
          }

          private generateItemId(): string {
            return `item_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    export namespace Treasury {
      export interface CashPosition {
        date: Date;
        totalCash: number;
        availableBalance: number;
        restrictedFunds: number;
        bankAccounts: BankAccount[];
      }

      export interface BankAccount {
        id: string;
        bankName: string;
        accountNumber: string;
        accountType: BankAccountType;
        balance: number;
        currency: string;
        isActive: boolean;
      }

      export type BankAccountType = 
        | 'checking' 
        | 'savings' 
        | 'money_market' 
        | 'certificate_deposit';

      export namespace CashManagement {
        export interface CashFlowForecast {
          id: string;
          forecastDate: Date;
          periods: ForecastPeriod[];
          scenarios: ForecastScenario[];
        }

        export interface ForecastPeriod {
          startDate: Date;
          endDate: Date;
          expectedInflows: CashFlow[];
          expectedOutflows: CashFlow[];
          netCashFlow: number;
          endingBalance: number;
        }

        export interface CashFlow {
          description: string;
          amount: number;
          probability: number;
          category: CashFlowCategory;
        }

        export type CashFlowCategory = 
          | 'operations' 
          | 'investing' 
          | 'financing' 
          | 'extraordinary';

        export interface ForecastScenario {
          name: string;
          description: string;
          adjustments: ScenarioAdjustment[];
        }

        export interface ScenarioAdjustment {
          cashFlowDescription: string;
          adjustmentType: 'percentage' | 'absolute';
          adjustmentValue: number;
        }

        export class CashFlowManager {
          async generateForecast(
            periods: number,
            periodType: 'weekly' | 'monthly' | 'quarterly'
          ): Promise<CashFlowForecast> {
            console.log('📈 Generating cash flow forecast:', periods, periodType);
            
            return {
              id: this.generateForecastId(),
              forecastDate: new Date(),
              periods: [],
              scenarios: []
            };
          }

          async updateForecast(
            forecastId: string,
            actualCashFlows: CashFlow[]
          ): Promise<CashFlowForecast> {
            console.log('🔄 Updating forecast with actuals:', forecastId);
            return {} as CashFlowForecast;
          }

          private generateForecastId(): string {
            return `forecast_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

// 🎮 Let's create a comprehensive nested namespace management system
console.log('🌳 Nested Namespace Hierarchical Organization Examples');

// 🏗️ Namespace hierarchy analyzer
namespace NamespaceHierarchyAnalyzer {
  export interface NamespaceNode {
    name: string;
    fullPath: string;
    level: number;
    children: NamespaceNode[];
    memberCount: number;
    exportedMemberCount: number;
    complexity: ComplexityMetrics;
  }

  export interface ComplexityMetrics {
    depth: number;
    breadth: number;
    totalNodes: number;
    avgMembersPerNode: number;
    maxMembersInNode: number;
    complexityScore: number;
  }

  export interface HierarchyReport {
    rootNamespace: string;
    structure: NamespaceNode;
    statistics: HierarchyStatistics;
    recommendations: string[];
    refactoringOpportunities: RefactoringOpportunity[];
  }

  export interface HierarchyStatistics {
    totalNamespaces: number;
    maxDepth: number;
    avgDepth: number;
    totalMembers: number;
    avgMembersPerNamespace: number;
    largestNamespace: { name: string; memberCount: number };
    deepestPath: string;
  }

  export interface RefactoringOpportunity {
    type: 'split_large_namespace' | 'flatten_hierarchy' | 'merge_small_namespaces';
    namespacePath: string;
    description: string;
    impact: 'low' | 'medium' | 'high';
    effort: 'low' | 'medium' | 'high';
  }

  // 🔍 Analyze namespace hierarchy
  export function analyzeHierarchy(rootNamespace: string): HierarchyReport {
    console.log(`🔍 Analyzing namespace hierarchy: ${rootNamespace}`);

    const structure = buildNamespaceTree(rootNamespace);
    const statistics = calculateStatistics(structure);
    const recommendations = generateRecommendations(structure, statistics);
    const refactoringOpportunities = identifyRefactoringOpportunities(structure);

    return {
      rootNamespace,
      structure,
      statistics,
      recommendations,
      refactoringOpportunities
    };
  }

  // 🌳 Build namespace tree structure
  function buildNamespaceTree(namespaceName: string, level: number = 0): NamespaceNode {
    // 🎯 Simulate namespace introspection for demo
    const mockStructure = getMockNamespaceStructure(namespaceName, level);
    
    const node: NamespaceNode = {
      name: namespaceName,
      fullPath: level === 0 ? namespaceName : `${namespaceName}`,
      level,
      children: [],
      memberCount: mockStructure.memberCount,
      exportedMemberCount: mockStructure.exportedMemberCount,
      complexity: {
        depth: 0,
        breadth: 0,
        totalNodes: 1,
        avgMembersPerNode: mockStructure.memberCount,
        maxMembersInNode: mockStructure.memberCount,
        complexityScore: 0
      }
    };

    // 🔄 Build children recursively
    mockStructure.children.forEach(childName => {
      const childNode = buildNamespaceTree(childName, level + 1);
      childNode.fullPath = `${node.fullPath}.${childName}`;
      node.children.push(childNode);
    });

    // 📊 Calculate complexity metrics
    node.complexity = calculateComplexityMetrics(node);

    return node;
  }

  // 🎯 Mock namespace structure for demonstration
  function getMockNamespaceStructure(namespaceName: string, level: number): {
    memberCount: number;
    exportedMemberCount: number;
    children: string[];
  } {
    const structures: Record<string, any> = {
      'Enterprise': {
        memberCount: 5,
        exportedMemberCount: 2,
        children: ['HumanResources', 'Finance', 'Operations']
      },
      'HumanResources': {
        memberCount: 15,
        exportedMemberCount: 8,
        children: ['Recruitment', 'Payroll', 'Benefits']
      },
      'Recruitment': {
        memberCount: 25,
        exportedMemberCount: 12,
        children: ['InterviewProcess', 'CandidateManagement']
      },
      'Finance': {
        memberCount: 12,
        exportedMemberCount: 6,
        children: ['Accounting', 'Treasury', 'Budgeting']
      },
      'Accounting': {
        memberCount: 20,
        exportedMemberCount: 10,
        children: ['Reporting', 'Budgeting']
      }
    };

    return structures[namespaceName] || {
      memberCount: Math.floor(Math.random() * 10) + 5,
      exportedMemberCount: Math.floor(Math.random() * 5) + 2,
      children: level < 3 ? [`Sub${namespaceName}1`, `Sub${namespaceName}2`] : []
    };
  }

  // 📊 Calculate complexity metrics
  function calculateComplexityMetrics(node: NamespaceNode): ComplexityMetrics {
    let totalNodes = 1;
    let maxDepth = 0;
    let totalMembers = node.memberCount;
    let maxMembersInNode = node.memberCount;

    // 🔄 Recursively calculate for children
    node.children.forEach(child => {
      const childMetrics = child.complexity;
      totalNodes += childMetrics.totalNodes;
      maxDepth = Math.max(maxDepth, childMetrics.depth + 1);
      totalMembers += childMetrics.avgMembersPerNode * childMetrics.totalNodes;
      maxMembersInNode = Math.max(maxMembersInNode, childMetrics.maxMembersInNode);
    });

    const avgMembersPerNode = totalNodes > 0 ? totalMembers / totalNodes : 0;
    const breadth = node.children.length;
    
    // 🎯 Calculate complexity score (higher = more complex)
    const complexityScore = (maxDepth * 0.3) + (breadth * 0.2) + (avgMembersPerNode * 0.3) + (totalNodes * 0.2);

    return {
      depth: maxDepth,
      breadth,
      totalNodes,
      avgMembersPerNode,
      maxMembersInNode,
      complexityScore
    };
  }

  // 📈 Calculate hierarchy statistics
  function calculateStatistics(structure: NamespaceNode): HierarchyStatistics {
    const allNodes = flattenNamespaceTree(structure);
    
    const totalNamespaces = allNodes.length;
    const maxDepth = Math.max(...allNodes.map(node => node.level));
    const avgDepth = allNodes.reduce((sum, node) => sum + node.level, 0) / totalNamespaces;
    const totalMembers = allNodes.reduce((sum, node) => sum + node.memberCount, 0);
    const avgMembersPerNamespace = totalMembers / totalNamespaces;
    
    const largestNamespace = allNodes.reduce((largest, node) => 
      node.memberCount > largest.memberCount ? node : largest
    );

    const deepestNode = allNodes.reduce((deepest, node) => 
      node.level > deepest.level ? node : deepest
    );

    return {
      totalNamespaces,
      maxDepth,
      avgDepth,
      totalMembers,
      avgMembersPerNamespace,
      largestNamespace: {
        name: largestNamespace.fullPath,
        memberCount: largestNamespace.memberCount
      },
      deepestPath: deepestNode.fullPath
    };
  }

  // 🌿 Flatten namespace tree to array
  function flattenNamespaceTree(node: NamespaceNode): NamespaceNode[] {
    const nodes = [node];
    
    node.children.forEach(child => {
      nodes.push(...flattenNamespaceTree(child));
    });

    return nodes;
  }

  // 💡 Generate recommendations
  function generateRecommendations(
    structure: NamespaceNode,
    statistics: HierarchyStatistics
  ): string[] {
    const recommendations: string[] = [];

    // 🎯 Depth recommendations
    if (statistics.maxDepth > 5) {
      recommendations.push(
        `Deep nesting detected (${statistics.maxDepth} levels) - consider flattening hierarchy`
      );
    }

    // 📦 Size recommendations
    if (statistics.avgMembersPerNamespace > 20) {
      recommendations.push(
        'Large average namespace size - consider breaking down into smaller, focused namespaces'
      );
    }

    // 🌐 Breadth recommendations
    if (structure.complexity.breadth > 10) {
      recommendations.push(
        'Wide namespace detected - consider grouping related sub-namespaces'
      );
    }

    // 🔧 Complexity recommendations
    if (structure.complexity.complexityScore > 50) {
      recommendations.push(
        'High complexity score - review namespace organization for simplification opportunities'
      );
    }

    // 📊 Balance recommendations
    if (statistics.maxDepth < 2 && statistics.totalNamespaces > 10) {
      recommendations.push(
        'Flat structure with many namespaces - consider introducing intermediate levels'
      );
    }

    return recommendations;
  }

  // 🔧 Identify refactoring opportunities
  function identifyRefactoringOpportunities(structure: NamespaceNode): RefactoringOpportunity[] {
    const opportunities: RefactoringOpportunity[] = [];
    const allNodes = flattenNamespaceTree(structure);

    // 🎯 Large namespace splitting opportunities
    allNodes.forEach(node => {
      if (node.memberCount > 30) {
        opportunities.push({
          type: 'split_large_namespace',
          namespacePath: node.fullPath,
          description: `Namespace has ${node.memberCount} members - consider splitting into focused sub-namespaces`,
          impact: 'high',
          effort: 'medium'
        });
      }
    });

    // 🌿 Hierarchy flattening opportunities
    allNodes.forEach(node => {
      if (node.level > 4 && node.memberCount < 5) {
        opportunities.push({
          type: 'flatten_hierarchy',
          namespacePath: node.fullPath,
          description: 'Deep namespace with few members - consider flattening',
          impact: 'medium',
          effort: 'low'
        });
      }
    });

    // 🔗 Small namespace merging opportunities
    const smallNamespaces = allNodes.filter(node => 
      node.memberCount < 3 && node.children.length === 0
    );

    if (smallNamespaces.length >= 2) {
      opportunities.push({
        type: 'merge_small_namespaces',
        namespacePath: smallNamespaces.map(n => n.fullPath).join(', '),
        description: 'Multiple small namespaces detected - consider merging related ones',
        impact: 'medium',
        effort: 'low'
      });
    }

    return opportunities;
  }

  // 🏗️ Generate optimization plan
  export function generateOptimizationPlan(report: HierarchyReport): {
    plan: OptimizationStep[];
    estimatedImpact: string;
    estimatedEffort: string;
  } {
    const plan: OptimizationStep[] = [];

    // 🎯 Prioritize high-impact, low-effort changes
    const highPriorityOpportunities = report.refactoringOpportunities
      .filter(opp => opp.impact === 'high' && opp.effort === 'low')
      .slice(0, 3);

    highPriorityOpportunities.forEach((opportunity, index) => {
      plan.push({
        step: index + 1,
        action: opportunity.type,
        target: opportunity.namespacePath,
        description: opportunity.description,
        priority: 'high',
        estimatedDays: getEstimatedDays(opportunity.effort, opportunity.impact)
      });
    });

    // 🔧 Add medium priority improvements
    const mediumPriorityOpportunities = report.refactoringOpportunities
      .filter(opp => !(opp.impact === 'high' && opp.effort === 'low'))
      .slice(0, 2);

    mediumPriorityOpportunities.forEach((opportunity, index) => {
      plan.push({
        step: highPriorityOpportunities.length + index + 1,
        action: opportunity.type,
        target: opportunity.namespacePath,
        description: opportunity.description,
        priority: 'medium',
        estimatedDays: getEstimatedDays(opportunity.effort, opportunity.impact)
      });
    });

    const totalDays = plan.reduce((sum, step) => sum + step.estimatedDays, 0);
    const estimatedImpact = plan.length > 3 ? 'High' : plan.length > 1 ? 'Medium' : 'Low';
    const estimatedEffort = totalDays > 10 ? 'High' : totalDays > 5 ? 'Medium' : 'Low';

    return {
      plan,
      estimatedImpact,
      estimatedEffort
    };
  }

  export interface OptimizationStep {
    step: number;
    action: RefactoringOpportunity['type'];
    target: string;
    description: string;
    priority: 'high' | 'medium' | 'low';
    estimatedDays: number;
  }

  function getEstimatedDays(effort: string, impact: string): number {
    const effortDays = {
      'low': 1,
      'medium': 3,
      'high': 7
    };

    const impactMultiplier = {
      'low': 0.5,
      'medium': 1,
      'high': 1.5
    };

    return Math.ceil(effortDays[effort as keyof typeof effortDays] * impactMultiplier[impact as keyof typeof impactMultiplier]);
  }

  // 📊 Visualization helper
  export function generateHierarchyVisualization(structure: NamespaceNode): string {
    let visualization = '';

    function addNodeToVisualization(node: NamespaceNode, indent: string = ''): void {
      const complexity = node.complexity.complexityScore.toFixed(1);
      visualization += `${indent}📁 ${node.name} (${node.memberCount} members, complexity: ${complexity})\n`;

      node.children.forEach((child, index) => {
        const isLast = index === node.children.length - 1;
        const childIndent = indent + (isLast ? '    ' : '│   ');
        const connector = isLast ? '└── ' : '├── ';
        
        visualization += `${indent}${connector}`;
        addNodeToVisualization(child, childIndent);
      });
    }

    addNodeToVisualization(structure);
    return visualization;
  }
}

// 🎮 Usage examples and demonstrations
const nestedNamespaceDemo = (): void => {
  // 🔍 Analyze the Enterprise namespace hierarchy
  const hierarchyReport = NamespaceHierarchyAnalyzer.analyzeHierarchy('Enterprise');
  
  console.log('📊 Hierarchy Analysis Report:');
  console.log('Root Namespace:', hierarchyReport.rootNamespace);
  console.log('Statistics:', hierarchyReport.statistics);
  console.log('Recommendations:', hierarchyReport.recommendations);
  console.log('Refactoring Opportunities:', hierarchyReport.refactoringOpportunities);

  // 🏗️ Generate optimization plan
  const optimizationPlan = NamespaceHierarchyAnalyzer.generateOptimizationPlan(hierarchyReport);
  console.log('🔧 Optimization Plan:', optimizationPlan);

  // 📊 Generate visualization
  const visualization = NamespaceHierarchyAnalyzer.generateHierarchyVisualization(hierarchyReport.structure);
  console.log('🌳 Hierarchy Visualization:');
  console.log(visualization);

  // 🎯 Demonstrate usage of deeply nested namespaces
  console.log('\n🎮 Demonstrating nested namespace usage:');

  // HR Recruitment workflow
  const recruitmentService = new Enterprise.HumanResources.Recruitment.RecruitmentService();
  const jobPosting = await recruitmentService.createJobPosting({
    title: 'Senior TypeScript Developer',
    department: 'Engineering',
    description: 'We are looking for a skilled TypeScript developer...',
    requirements: [
      {
        type: 'experience',
        description: '5+ years of TypeScript experience',
        mandatory: true
      },
      {
        type: 'skill',
        description: 'Strong knowledge of React and Node.js',
        mandatory: true
      }
    ],
    compensation: {
      minSalary: 120000,
      maxSalary: 180000,
      currency: 'USD',
      benefits: ['Health Insurance', 'Retirement Plan', 'Stock Options']
    },
    status: 'published'
  });

  // Interview process
  const interviewManager = new Enterprise.HumanResources.Recruitment.InterviewProcess.InterviewManager();
  const interview = await interviewManager.scheduleInterview(
    'candidate_123',
    'panel_tech_001',
    'technical',
    new Date('2025-07-01T10:00:00Z')
  );

  // Tax calculation
  const taxCalculator = new Enterprise.HumanResources.Payroll.TaxCalculation.TaxCalculator();
  const taxResult = taxCalculator.calculateTaxes('emp_456', 150000, 'CA');

  // Financial reporting
  const reportGenerator = new Enterprise.Finance.Accounting.Reporting.ReportGenerator();
  const balanceSheet = await reportGenerator.generateBalanceSheet({
    startDate: new Date('2025-01-01'),
    endDate: new Date('2025-12-31'),
    frequency: 'annually'
  });

  // Budget management
  const budgetManager = new Enterprise.Finance.Accounting.Budgeting.BudgetManager();
  const budget = await budgetManager.createBudget('2025 Operations Budget', 2025);

  // Cash flow forecasting
  const cashFlowManager = new Enterprise.Finance.Treasury.CashManagement.CashFlowManager();
  const forecast = await cashFlowManager.generateForecast(12, 'monthly');

  console.log('✅ All nested namespace operations completed successfully!');
};

// 🎯 Execute demonstration
nestedNamespaceDemo();

💡 Advanced Nested Namespace Patterns

Let’s explore sophisticated patterns for complex hierarchical organizations:

// 🌟 Pattern 1: Domain-Driven Design with Nested Namespaces
// Model complex business domains with deep hierarchical structure

namespace FinancialServices {
  export namespace Investment {
    export namespace Portfolio {
      export interface Portfolio {
        id: string;
        name: string;
        ownerId: string;
        type: PortfolioType;
        riskProfile: RiskProfile;
        assets: Asset[];
        performance: PerformanceMetrics;
      }

      export type PortfolioType = 'conservative' | 'balanced' | 'aggressive' | 'custom';
      export type RiskProfile = 'low' | 'medium' | 'high' | 'very_high';

      export interface Asset {
        id: string;
        symbol: string;
        name: string;
        type: AssetType;
        quantity: number;
        marketValue: number;
        costBasis: number;
        allocation: number;
      }

      export type AssetType = 'stock' | 'bond' | 'etf' | 'mutual_fund' | 'commodity' | 'cryptocurrency';

      export interface PerformanceMetrics {
        totalReturn: number;
        totalReturnPercentage: number;
        annualizedReturn: number;
        volatility: number;
        sharpeRatio: number;
        maxDrawdown: number;
      }

      export namespace Optimization {
        export interface OptimizationStrategy {
          name: string;
          objective: OptimizationObjective;
          constraints: OptimizationConstraint[];
          rebalanceFrequency: RebalanceFrequency;
        }

        export type OptimizationObjective = 
          | 'maximize_return' 
          | 'minimize_risk' 
          | 'maximize_sharpe_ratio' 
          | 'target_volatility';

        export interface OptimizationConstraint {
          type: ConstraintType;
          target: string;
          minValue?: number;
          maxValue?: number;
        }

        export type ConstraintType = 'asset_class_limit' | 'sector_limit' | 'individual_asset_limit';
        export type RebalanceFrequency = 'daily' | 'weekly' | 'monthly' | 'quarterly' | 'annually';

        export class PortfolioOptimizer {
          async optimizePortfolio(
            portfolio: Portfolio,
            strategy: OptimizationStrategy
          ): Promise<OptimizationResult> {
            console.log('🎯 Optimizing portfolio:', portfolio.name);
            
            return {
              originalAllocation: this.getCurrentAllocation(portfolio),
              optimizedAllocation: this.calculateOptimalAllocation(portfolio, strategy),
              expectedReturn: 0.08,
              expectedVolatility: 0.15,
              improvementMetrics: {
                returnImprovement: 0.02,
                riskReduction: 0.03,
                sharpeImprovement: 0.15
              }
            };
          }

          private getCurrentAllocation(portfolio: Portfolio): AssetAllocation[] {
            return portfolio.assets.map(asset => ({
              assetId: asset.id,
              currentWeight: asset.allocation,
              targetWeight: asset.allocation
            }));
          }

          private calculateOptimalAllocation(
            portfolio: Portfolio,
            strategy: OptimizationStrategy
          ): AssetAllocation[] {
            // Complex optimization algorithm would go here
            return portfolio.assets.map(asset => ({
              assetId: asset.id,
              currentWeight: asset.allocation,
              targetWeight: asset.allocation * (1 + Math.random() * 0.1 - 0.05)
            }));
          }
        }

        export interface OptimizationResult {
          originalAllocation: AssetAllocation[];
          optimizedAllocation: AssetAllocation[];
          expectedReturn: number;
          expectedVolatility: number;
          improvementMetrics: ImprovementMetrics;
        }

        export interface AssetAllocation {
          assetId: string;
          currentWeight: number;
          targetWeight: number;
        }

        export interface ImprovementMetrics {
          returnImprovement: number;
          riskReduction: number;
          sharpeImprovement: number;
        }

        export namespace RiskManagement {
          export interface RiskMetrics {
            portfolioId: string;
            calculationDate: Date;
            valueAtRisk: VaRCalculation;
            conditionalVaR: number;
            riskContribution: AssetRiskContribution[];
            correlationMatrix: CorrelationEntry[];
          }

          export interface VaRCalculation {
            oneDay95: number;
            oneDay99: number;
            tenDay95: number;
            tenDay99: number;
            method: VaRMethod;
          }

          export type VaRMethod = 'historical' | 'parametric' | 'monte_carlo';

          export interface AssetRiskContribution {
            assetId: string;
            marginalVaR: number;
            componentVaR: number;
            percentageContribution: number;
          }

          export interface CorrelationEntry {
            asset1Id: string;
            asset2Id: string;
            correlation: number;
            significance: number;
          }

          export class RiskAnalyzer {
            async calculateRiskMetrics(portfolio: Portfolio): Promise<RiskMetrics> {
              console.log('📊 Calculating risk metrics for portfolio:', portfolio.id);

              return {
                portfolioId: portfolio.id,
                calculationDate: new Date(),
                valueAtRisk: {
                  oneDay95: portfolio.assets.reduce((sum, asset) => sum + asset.marketValue, 0) * 0.02,
                  oneDay99: portfolio.assets.reduce((sum, asset) => sum + asset.marketValue, 0) * 0.035,
                  tenDay95: portfolio.assets.reduce((sum, asset) => sum + asset.marketValue, 0) * 0.063,
                  tenDay99: portfolio.assets.reduce((sum, asset) => sum + asset.marketValue, 0) * 0.11,
                  method: 'historical'
                },
                conditionalVaR: portfolio.assets.reduce((sum, asset) => sum + asset.marketValue, 0) * 0.045,
                riskContribution: portfolio.assets.map(asset => ({
                  assetId: asset.id,
                  marginalVaR: asset.marketValue * 0.02,
                  componentVaR: asset.marketValue * 0.015,
                  percentageContribution: asset.allocation * 100
                })),
                correlationMatrix: this.generateCorrelationMatrix(portfolio.assets)
              };
            }

            private generateCorrelationMatrix(assets: Asset[]): CorrelationEntry[] {
              const correlations: CorrelationEntry[] = [];
              
              for (let i = 0; i < assets.length; i++) {
                for (let j = i + 1; j < assets.length; j++) {
                  correlations.push({
                    asset1Id: assets[i].id,
                    asset2Id: assets[j].id,
                    correlation: Math.random() * 0.8 - 0.4, // Random correlation between -0.4 and 0.4
                    significance: Math.random()
                  });
                }
              }

              return correlations;
            }

            async generateRiskReport(
              metrics: RiskMetrics
            ): Promise<RiskReport> {
              console.log('📋 Generating risk report for portfolio:', metrics.portfolioId);

              return {
                portfolioId: metrics.portfolioId,
                reportDate: new Date(),
                executiveSummary: 'Portfolio shows moderate risk profile with well-diversified holdings.',
                keyFindings: [
                  'VaR indicates potential daily loss of 2% under normal market conditions',
                  'Risk is well-distributed across asset classes',
                  'Correlation analysis shows acceptable diversification'
                ],
                recommendations: [
                  'Consider reducing exposure to highly correlated assets',
                  'Monitor positions that contribute disproportionately to portfolio risk',
                  'Regular rebalancing recommended to maintain target risk profile'
                ],
                detailedMetrics: metrics
              };
            }
          }

          export interface RiskReport {
            portfolioId: string;
            reportDate: Date;
            executiveSummary: string;
            keyFindings: string[];
            recommendations: string[];
            detailedMetrics: RiskMetrics;
          }
        }
      }

      export namespace Analysis {
        export interface PerformanceAnalysis {
          portfolioId: string;
          analysisDate: Date;
          timeHorizon: TimeHorizon;
          returns: ReturnAnalysis;
          attribution: AttributionAnalysis;
          benchmarkComparison: BenchmarkComparison;
        }

        export type TimeHorizon = '1M' | '3M' | '6M' | '1Y' | '3Y' | '5Y' | 'inception';

        export interface ReturnAnalysis {
          totalReturn: number;
          annualizedReturn: number;
          volatility: number;
          sharpeRatio: number;
          informationRatio: number;
          calmarRatio: number;
          maxDrawdown: number;
          upCaptureRatio: number;
          downCaptureRatio: number;
        }

        export interface AttributionAnalysis {
          assetAllocation: AttributionEffect;
          securitySelection: AttributionEffect;
          interaction: AttributionEffect;
          total: AttributionEffect;
          topContributors: ContributorAnalysis[];
          bottomContributors: ContributorAnalysis[];
        }

        export interface AttributionEffect {
          contribution: number;
          percentage: number;
        }

        export interface ContributorAnalysis {
          assetId: string;
          assetName: string;
          contribution: number;
          weight: number;
          return: number;
        }

        export interface BenchmarkComparison {
          benchmarkName: string;
          portfolioReturn: number;
          benchmarkReturn: number;
          activeReturn: number;
          trackingError: number;
          informationRatio: number;
          battingAverage: number;
        }

        export class PerformanceAnalyzer {
          async analyzePerformance(
            portfolio: Portfolio,
            timeHorizon: TimeHorizon,
            benchmarkId?: string
          ): Promise<PerformanceAnalysis> {
            console.log('📈 Analyzing performance for portfolio:', portfolio.id);

            const returns = await this.calculateReturns(portfolio, timeHorizon);
            const attribution = await this.calculateAttribution(portfolio, timeHorizon);
            const benchmarkComparison = benchmarkId 
              ? await this.compareToBenchmark(portfolio, benchmarkId, timeHorizon)
              : this.getDefaultBenchmarkComparison();

            return {
              portfolioId: portfolio.id,
              analysisDate: new Date(),
              timeHorizon,
              returns,
              attribution,
              benchmarkComparison
            };
          }

          private async calculateReturns(
            portfolio: Portfolio,
            timeHorizon: TimeHorizon
          ): Promise<ReturnAnalysis> {
            // Complex return calculation logic
            return {
              totalReturn: 0.12,
              annualizedReturn: 0.08,
              volatility: 0.15,
              sharpeRatio: 0.53,
              informationRatio: 0.35,
              calmarRatio: 0.45,
              maxDrawdown: -0.08,
              upCaptureRatio: 0.95,
              downCaptureRatio: 0.85
            };
          }

          private async calculateAttribution(
            portfolio: Portfolio,
            timeHorizon: TimeHorizon
          ): Promise<AttributionAnalysis> {
            // Attribution analysis logic
            return {
              assetAllocation: { contribution: 0.02, percentage: 16.7 },
              securitySelection: { contribution: 0.01, percentage: 8.3 },
              interaction: { contribution: 0.005, percentage: 4.2 },
              total: { contribution: 0.035, percentage: 29.2 },
              topContributors: portfolio.assets.slice(0, 3).map(asset => ({
                assetId: asset.id,
                assetName: asset.name,
                contribution: asset.allocation * 0.1,
                weight: asset.allocation,
                return: 0.15
              })),
              bottomContributors: portfolio.assets.slice(-2).map(asset => ({
                assetId: asset.id,
                assetName: asset.name,
                contribution: asset.allocation * -0.05,
                weight: asset.allocation,
                return: -0.03
              }))
            };
          }

          private async compareToBenchmark(
            portfolio: Portfolio,
            benchmarkId: string,
            timeHorizon: TimeHorizon
          ): Promise<BenchmarkComparison> {
            // Benchmark comparison logic
            return {
              benchmarkName: 'S&P 500',
              portfolioReturn: 0.12,
              benchmarkReturn: 0.10,
              activeReturn: 0.02,
              trackingError: 0.04,
              informationRatio: 0.50,
              battingAverage: 0.65
            };
          }

          private getDefaultBenchmarkComparison(): BenchmarkComparison {
            return {
              benchmarkName: 'Market Index',
              portfolioReturn: 0.12,
              benchmarkReturn: 0.10,
              activeReturn: 0.02,
              trackingError: 0.04,
              informationRatio: 0.50,
              battingAverage: 0.60
            };
          }
        }
      }
    }

    export namespace Trading {
      export namespace Execution {
        export interface Order {
          id: string;
          portfolioId: string;
          symbol: string;
          side: OrderSide;
          type: OrderType;
          quantity: number;
          price?: number;
          stopPrice?: number;
          timeInForce: TimeInForce;
          status: OrderStatus;
          timestamps: OrderTimestamps;
        }

        export type OrderSide = 'buy' | 'sell';
        export type OrderType = 'market' | 'limit' | 'stop' | 'stop_limit';
        export type TimeInForce = 'day' | 'good_till_cancelled' | 'immediate_or_cancel' | 'fill_or_kill';
        export type OrderStatus = 'pending' | 'submitted' | 'partially_filled' | 'filled' | 'cancelled' | 'rejected';

        export interface OrderTimestamps {
          created: Date;
          submitted?: Date;
          acknowledged?: Date;
          filled?: Date;
          cancelled?: Date;
        }

        export namespace Algorithms {
          export interface AlgorithmicOrder extends Order {
            algorithm: TradingAlgorithm;
            algorithmParameters: AlgorithmParameters;
            executionStrategy: ExecutionStrategy;
          }

          export type TradingAlgorithm = 'vwap' | 'twap' | 'implementation_shortfall' | 'market_on_close' | 'iceberg';

          export interface AlgorithmParameters {
            startTime?: Date;
            endTime?: Date;
            participationRate?: number;
            minFillSize?: number;
            maxFillSize?: number;
            aggressiveness?: number;
          }

          export interface ExecutionStrategy {
            name: string;
            description: string;
            riskLimits: RiskLimit[];
            performanceTargets: PerformanceTarget[];
          }

          export interface RiskLimit {
            type: RiskLimitType;
            value: number;
            action: LimitAction;
          }

          export type RiskLimitType = 'max_position_size' | 'max_order_value' | 'max_daily_volume' | 'price_deviation';
          export type LimitAction = 'reject' | 'modify' | 'pause' | 'notify';

          export interface PerformanceTarget {
            metric: PerformanceMetric;
            target: number;
            tolerance: number;
          }

          export type PerformanceMetric = 'vwap_performance' | 'implementation_shortfall' | 'market_impact' | 'timing_risk';

          export class AlgorithmicTradingEngine {
            async executeAlgorithmicOrder(order: AlgorithmicOrder): Promise<ExecutionResult> {
              console.log('🤖 Executing algorithmic order:', order.id);

              const executionPlan = this.createExecutionPlan(order);
              const childOrders = await this.generateChildOrders(order, executionPlan);
              const executionResult = await this.executeChildOrders(childOrders);

              return {
                orderId: order.id,
                algorithm: order.algorithm,
                executionPlan,
                childOrders,
                performance: this.calculatePerformance(order, executionResult),
                completionStatus: 'completed'
              };
            }

            private createExecutionPlan(order: AlgorithmicOrder): ExecutionPlan {
              return {
                totalQuantity: order.quantity,
                timeHorizon: this.calculateTimeHorizon(order),
                slices: this.calculateSlices(order),
                scheduledTimes: this.generateSchedule(order)
              };
            }

            private calculateTimeHorizon(order: AlgorithmicOrder): number {
              const params = order.algorithmParameters;
              if (params.startTime && params.endTime) {
                return params.endTime.getTime() - params.startTime.getTime();
              }
              return 3600000; // Default 1 hour
            }

            private calculateSlices(order: AlgorithmicOrder): number {
              const quantity = order.quantity;
              const timeHorizon = this.calculateTimeHorizon(order);
              
              switch (order.algorithm) {
                case 'vwap':
                  return Math.min(20, Math.max(5, Math.floor(quantity / 1000)));
                case 'twap':
                  return Math.floor(timeHorizon / 300000); // Every 5 minutes
                default:
                  return 10;
              }
            }

            private generateSchedule(order: AlgorithmicOrder): Date[] {
              const startTime = order.algorithmParameters.startTime || new Date();
              const endTime = order.algorithmParameters.endTime || new Date(Date.now() + 3600000);
              const slices = this.calculateSlices(order);
              
              const schedule: Date[] = [];
              const interval = (endTime.getTime() - startTime.getTime()) / slices;
              
              for (let i = 0; i < slices; i++) {
                schedule.push(new Date(startTime.getTime() + (i * interval)));
              }
              
              return schedule;
            }

            private async generateChildOrders(
              order: AlgorithmicOrder,
              plan: ExecutionPlan
            ): Promise<ChildOrder[]> {
              const childOrders: ChildOrder[] = [];
              const quantityPerSlice = Math.floor(plan.totalQuantity / plan.slices);
              
              for (let i = 0; i < plan.slices; i++) {
                childOrders.push({
                  id: `${order.id}_child_${i + 1}`,
                  parentOrderId: order.id,
                  symbol: order.symbol,
                  side: order.side,
                  quantity: i === plan.slices - 1 
                    ? plan.totalQuantity - (quantityPerSlice * i) // Last slice gets remainder
                    : quantityPerSlice,
                  scheduledTime: plan.scheduledTimes[i],
                  status: 'pending'
                });
              }
              
              return childOrders;
            }

            private async executeChildOrders(childOrders: ChildOrder[]): Promise<any> {
              // Execute child orders according to schedule
              return { executedOrders: childOrders.length, totalFilled: childOrders.reduce((sum, order) => sum + order.quantity, 0) };
            }

            private calculatePerformance(order: AlgorithmicOrder, result: any): AlgorithmPerformance {
              return {
                vwapPerformance: Math.random() * 0.002 - 0.001, // Random between -0.1% and 0.1%
                implementationShortfall: Math.random() * 0.001,
                marketImpact: Math.random() * 0.0005,
                timingRisk: Math.random() * 0.0003
              };
            }
          }

          export interface ExecutionResult {
            orderId: string;
            algorithm: TradingAlgorithm;
            executionPlan: ExecutionPlan;
            childOrders: ChildOrder[];
            performance: AlgorithmPerformance;
            completionStatus: 'completed' | 'partially_completed' | 'failed';
          }

          export interface ExecutionPlan {
            totalQuantity: number;
            timeHorizon: number;
            slices: number;
            scheduledTimes: Date[];
          }

          export interface ChildOrder {
            id: string;
            parentOrderId: string;
            symbol: string;
            side: OrderSide;
            quantity: number;
            scheduledTime: Date;
            status: 'pending' | 'executed' | 'failed';
          }

          export interface AlgorithmPerformance {
            vwapPerformance: number;
            implementationShortfall: number;
            marketImpact: number;
            timingRisk: number;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

// Usage demonstration of the deeply nested financial services namespace
const financialServicesDemo = async (): Promise<void> => {
  console.log('🏦 Financial Services Nested Namespace Demo');

  // Portfolio optimization
  const optimizer = new FinancialServices.Investment.Portfolio.Optimization.PortfolioOptimizer();
  const portfolio: FinancialServices.Investment.Portfolio.Portfolio = {
    id: 'port_001',
    name: 'Growth Portfolio',
    ownerId: 'client_123',
    type: 'aggressive',
    riskProfile: 'high',
    assets: [
      {
        id: 'asset_001',
        symbol: 'AAPL',
        name: 'Apple Inc.',
        type: 'stock',
        quantity: 100,
        marketValue: 17500,
        costBasis: 15000,
        allocation: 0.35
      },
      {
        id: 'asset_002',
        symbol: 'GOOGL',
        name: 'Alphabet Inc.',
        type: 'stock',
        quantity: 50,
        marketValue: 13750,
        costBasis: 12000,
        allocation: 0.275
      }
    ],
    performance: {
      totalReturn: 6250,
      totalReturnPercentage: 0.208,
      annualizedReturn: 0.15,
      volatility: 0.18,
      sharpeRatio: 0.83,
      maxDrawdown: -0.12
    }
  };

  const optimizationStrategy: FinancialServices.Investment.Portfolio.Optimization.OptimizationStrategy = {
    name: 'Maximum Sharpe Ratio',
    objective: 'maximize_sharpe_ratio',
    constraints: [
      {
        type: 'individual_asset_limit',
        target: 'any',
        maxValue: 0.4
      }
    ],
    rebalanceFrequency: 'quarterly'
  };

  const optimizationResult = await optimizer.optimizePortfolio(portfolio, optimizationStrategy);
  console.log('🎯 Portfolio Optimization Result:', optimizationResult);

  // Risk analysis
  const riskAnalyzer = new FinancialServices.Investment.Portfolio.Optimization.RiskManagement.RiskAnalyzer();
  const riskMetrics = await riskAnalyzer.calculateRiskMetrics(portfolio);
  const riskReport = await riskAnalyzer.generateRiskReport(riskMetrics);
  console.log('📊 Risk Analysis Report:', riskReport);

  // Performance analysis
  const performanceAnalyzer = new FinancialServices.Investment.Portfolio.Analysis.PerformanceAnalyzer();
  const performanceAnalysis = await performanceAnalyzer.analyzePerformance(portfolio, '1Y', 'SPY');
  console.log('📈 Performance Analysis:', performanceAnalysis);

  // Algorithmic trading
  const tradingEngine = new FinancialServices.Investment.Trading.Execution.Algorithms.AlgorithmicTradingEngine();
  const algorithmicOrder: FinancialServices.Investment.Trading.Execution.Algorithms.AlgorithmicOrder = {
    id: 'order_001',
    portfolioId: portfolio.id,
    symbol: 'TSLA',
    side: 'buy',
    type: 'market',
    quantity: 500,
    timeInForce: 'day',
    status: 'pending',
    timestamps: {
      created: new Date()
    },
    algorithm: 'vwap',
    algorithmParameters: {
      startTime: new Date(),
      endTime: new Date(Date.now() + 7200000), // 2 hours
      participationRate: 0.2
    },
    executionStrategy: {
      name: 'Conservative VWAP',
      description: 'Low market impact execution over 2 hours',
      riskLimits: [
        {
          type: 'price_deviation',
          value: 0.02,
          action: 'pause'
        }
      ],
      performanceTargets: [
        {
          metric: 'vwap_performance',
          target: 0.001,
          tolerance: 0.0005
        }
      ]
    }
  };

  const executionResult = await tradingEngine.executeAlgorithmicOrder(algorithmicOrder);
  console.log('🤖 Algorithmic Trading Execution:', executionResult);

  console.log('✅ Financial Services demo completed successfully!');
};

// Execute the comprehensive demo
financialServicesDemo();